Sleep Management Techniques, Science, and Experiences

[pogen]

Starting a thread with the intention to share experiences, reference data, and to help educate each other.

Play nice!

 

[pogen]

OK, here is what I did for the recent LongPac to help with sleep management, which I knew from my DH PacCup 2012 experience was a BFD (Big Fuckin Deal).

1. Rebuilt my spring tensioned boom vang with new spring and plastic inserts and a ton of grease to keep it from squeaking. This noise gets transmitted through the mast right to 30" from my ear.

2. Put slippery painters masking tape lining the contact area of my companionway steps to the frame, to reduce the very loud creaking.

3. Put in a new above-deck AP. Partial motivation was to have the AP out of the hull to reduce the noise, compared to the previously installed below-decks AP. As a side benefit, the AP had a wireless remote that allowed me to change course to match the wind without going on deck. Of course if the wind shifted too much, I had to go out and trim or tack.

4. Bought a cushy 3" thick Thermorest camping air mattress to make my settee berth more comfy. The cushions on my boat are pretty hard and not springy any more. Also put a proper bottom sheet on this mattress, which is nicer than the sleeping bag.

5. Made sure I had multiple facemasks and earplugs on board. I did not use the earplugs though.

6. Put fresh batteries in the kitchen timer I use as a wakeup tool.

7. Deliberately chose a northerly course in part to ensure that I would be well clear of the Farallones, Noonday Rock, etc. by nightfall, as I am very afraid of them.

8. Forced myself to get a normal amount of sleep in the nights leading up to the race, to avoid being in a debit situation from the get-go.

9. Reduced my workload by using freeze dried camp food to a large extent; did not get too ambitious about food as everyone is always urging you to do.

10. Installed Class B AIS transponder, so ships could see me, and once clear of all the Bay traffic had the proximity and CPA alarms set to wake me. This helped my confidence and allowed me to relax, rather than popping up every 30 min to check the AIS receive.

Since the wx was mild for the first few days, I could set the timer for 60 min, and wake up, check the instruments on the nav program, check AIS, and the GPS track without getting out of the bunk. Then set again. Once or twice I overslept for maybe 3 hrs when it was light air, in the early AM hours. If things were really messed up, the change in the backgroud sounds would generally wake me. I also tried to catch a nap or rest in the afternoon if possible.

All this meant that I was in reasonable shape on the last day when I started to have equipment problems, I was approaching the lee shore, and it really breezed up. I hardly had any auditory hallucinations, and other than engaging in a cajoling dialog with the TWS indicator hardly went crazy at all.

 

[pogen]

good article from Tim Zimmerman, from Outside magazine

http://www.outsideonline.com/1823431/miles-go-i-sleep

Miles to Go Before I Sleep

Dr. Claudio Stampi teaches endurance sailors how to perform better on minimal sleep. The secret, he says, is learning how to power-nap.

By: Tim Zimmermann
Apr 1, 2005

JOE HARRIS KNEW he was in trouble, even though he was winning the Transat 2004, a masochistic 2,800-mile solo-sailing race from Plymouth, England, to Boston, Massachusetts. Harris, a 45-year-old Boston-based commercial real estate investor, was making his debut in the big leagues of solo sailing and was elated to be in the lead. But beneath the adrenaline, he was exhausted. For almost 24 hours, he had stayed on the deck of Wells Fargo-American Pioneer, his 50-foot sloop, driving it hard through big winds and steep waves—"on the hairy edge," as he would put it later.

Since the Transat's start, a week earlier, Harris had been subsisting on three to four hours of sleep a day, snatched mostly in 20-minute naps. But when he found himself in perfect sprinting conditions, with his first real chance to tear into the 100-mile gap between Wells Fargo and then-leader Kip Stone, on Artforms, his competitive instincts took over and he stopped sleeping altogether. Hour after hour, Harris ground out the miles. When the morning roll call came in, he had nosed in front.

Now he was faced with protecting a slim lead just as his brain and body were screaming for sleep. Harris fought to keep the boat moving as light winds settled over his stretch of the sea, but his coordination deteriorated into five-martini territory, and he started to pass out on his feet, crashing repeatedly to the deck. Finally, he surrendered and slept for two and a half hours while Wells Fargo went nowhere. When he awoke, the position report delivered the cruel news: Stone was back in the lead.

"I knew I had shot my bolt," Harris said. "I pushed myself past my limits."

MANAGING SLEEP deprivation is a critical skill in the solo-sailing racing game, and Harris—who finished second to Stone after another week of difficult conditions—knew he was risking a meltdown with his mad dash for the lead. Four months before the Transat, he had been to see Dr. Claudio Stampi, the 51-year-old sole proprietor of the Newton, Massachusetts-based Chronobiology Research Institute, which he founded in 1997 and which is dedicated to the highly refined art of achieving maximum performance on minimal sleep. Stampi, whom sailors often refer to as Dr. Sleep, is the go-to guru when you want to race sailboats alone across the ocean on ridiculously small amounts of shut-eye.

Stampi had become interested in chronobiology—the study of biological rhythms—as a young student at Italy's University of Bologna, from which he received a medical degree in 1977, a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering in 1983, and a degree in neurology the following year. He has been obsessed with the trade-off between sleep and human performance ever since, publishing more than 100 research papers on the topic and, in 1992, a book, called Why We Nap. Over the years, Stampi has attracted a diverse clientele, from NASA astronauts and long-haul truckers to jet-lagged CEOs. But his specialty is helping sleep-deprived solo sailors.

"Solo sailing is one of the best models of 24/7 activity, and brains and muscles are required," Stampi said one day at his home, from which he runs the institute. "If you sleep too much, you don't win. If you don't sleep enough, you break."

Stampi has been hanging around docks for the past 20 years, placing custom-designed sleep-tracking wrist monitors (which record movement over time) on more than 100 solo sailors. His untraditional research raised questions from scientific sticklers, but according to James Maas, a professor of psychology at Cornell University and a leading specialist in sleep deprivation and performance, Stampi's open-ocean work has been very useful. "People often wonder how these guys, or someone like Charles Lindbergh, do what they do," Maas says. "So any evidence we can get as to how people will react under extreme conditions on very little sleep adds tremendously to our understanding."

The extensive data Stampi obtained from the monitors led him to an interesting conclusion: Sleep-deprived humans are better off snoozing like most animals—in brief, precisely timed naps.

"For those sailors who are seriously competing, Stampi is a necessity," says Brad Van Liew, a 37-year-old Californian who began working with Stampi in 1998 and went on to become America's most accomplished solo racer and the winner in his class of the 2002-2003 Around Alone, a 28,000-mile global solo race. "You have to sleep efficiently, or it's like having a bad set of sails or a boat bottom that isn't prepared properly."

Stampi also helped 28-year-old British sailing superstar Ellen MacArthur to become the first woman to win the Transat, in 2000, and she went on to knock off a singlehanded global circumnavigation, on February 7 of this year, in 71 days and 14 hours, smashing the former record by 32 hours.

"The more time you can be awake and alert, the faster the boat is going to be sailing," says British sailor Mike Golding, one of the world's best soloists and winner of the 60-foot monohull class in the Transat 2004. "By working with Claudio, I've been able to cut my average amount of sleep from 5.5 hours to 4.5."

So when Joe Harris decided to join the somnambulistic solo-racing fraternity, he made a point of immersing himself in the teachings of Dr. Sleep, who helped Harris learn to nap according to his body's needs. I decided to do the same, albeit for different reasons. I'm an amateur sailor and a new father battling the awesome sleep-sapping powers of the human infant, so I visited Stampi hoping to crack the code on how to perform better with fewer hours in the sack.

STAMPI IS SLENDER and has an easygoing international charm; he was born to Italian parents in S‹o Paulo, Brazil, where his love of sailing began at age three. Striking photos from his many adventures at sea, which include two round-the-world races, are all over his house, as are vestiges of the boats he has loved—including sections of a broken mast and a cabin door that he uses as his work table.

After a childhood spent messing around on boats, he moved to Italy as a teenager and went on to receive his medical degree. "I had conflicting desires in life," Stampi says, "but as soon as I encountered chronobiology, I knew I could find a way to merge the sacred—medicine—and the profane, sailing."

That meant entering the first round-the-world sailboat event he could find—the 1975 Clipper Race, from the United Kingdom to Australia and then on around Cape Horn and back to the start—to do some onboard research. Stampi monitored the sleep patterns, body temperatures, and cognitive performance of his six crewmates every two hours. He turned the resulting data into his dissertation.

The benefits of frequent naps made sense to the sailor in Stampi, who understood the demands of a boat. But he had no scientific proof that, in situations of sleep deprivation, polyphasic sleep—the term for frequent napping—was more efficient than monophasic (getting sleep all in one chunk).

So in 1990 he turned from the docks to the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Institute of Circadian Physiology's research labs, rounding up some willing test subjects and dividing them into three groups. Each group would sleep only three hours in 24. One group would take all three hours at once. A second would sleep an hour and a half at night and then take three naps during the day. And the last group—the true polyphasics—would accumulate all their sleep in half-hour naps every four hours.

Stampi began by testing the performance of his subjects when they were getting a full eight hours of normal sleep, administering a short cognitive test that was easy to repeat. Then he had them shift to their three-hour routines. After more than a month, the monophasic group showed a 30 percent loss in cognitive performance. The group that divided its sleep between nighttime and short naps showed a 25 percent drop. But the polyphasic group, which slept exclusively in short naps, showed only a 12 percent drop.

Stampi was not surprised by the numbers. As he explained to me, there are two types of sleep: REM sleep, which is important for memory and learning, and non-REM sleep, which restores energy and releases hormones for growth and development. Non-REM sleep occurs in four stages: Stage one is a light slumber; stage two marks the onset of real sleep, where the heart rate and breathing slow; and stages three and four provide the deep (or slow-brainwave) sleep that is most highly restorative.

Generally speaking, sleepers cycle through these stages about every 90 minutes, with a pit stop for REM sleep between each cycle. Interestingly, the body seems to want its slow-wave fix first, and racks up most of the slow-wave quota in the first three hours. If you slash eight hours of sleep to four and your body has to triage, you retain 95 percent of the slow-wave sleep while ditching large chunks of REM and stage-two sleep. "That suggests that slow-wave sleep is the most critical," Stampi says. "Sleep charges your battery more at the beginning of the sleep cycle than at the end, so if you take more naps you are recharging more efficiently, because you take that first big charge frequently."

Ripping up normal patterns to sleep almost exclusively in short naps sounds extreme, but as Stampi points out, approximately 85 percent of mammals are polyphasic sleepers. In fact, he says, until about 10,000 years ago—before humans developed the tools and skills that allowed them to stop worrying constantly about becoming some hungry predator's next meal—humans probably were too. Infants are polyphasic sleepers, and even today there are remote hunter-gatherer tribes in Malaysia that sleep four to six hours a night and nap frequently during the day. Perhaps the most famous polyphasic sleeper was Leonardo da Vinci, who supposedly slept only 15 minutes every four hours, for a total of 1.5 hours of shut-eye every 24. "That would help explain his prodigious output," Stampi says. "But I suspect he only used that mode when he was rushing to dissect fast-rotting cadavers."

IF YOU EVER NEEDED proof of what sleeplessness can do to a sailor, look no further than the first slide Stampi likes to show clients. In the picture, a blood-red twin-masted racing boat is stranded on its side in the surfline of a remote southwest Australia beach. The boat belonged to exhausted French soloist Jean Luc Van Den Heede, who in a 1994 round-the-world race put his head down for a five-minute nap and woke up when he felt the keel grind ashore. (He refloated the boat and got back in the race.)

Stampi's point is that not only do you have to nap; you have to nap wisely—meaning you have to tailor nap times and lengths to your body's specific needs. To help his clients, Stampi had to develop answers to an all-important question: When, how often, and how long should polyphasic sleepers nap for maximum sleep efficiency?

One of the most striking clues from Stampi's data was that sailors hardly ever slept between 6 and 8 p.m. Stampi theorized that the evening "forbidden zone," as he called it, was a vestige of the long-ago era when humans—who were more vulnerable at night—had to spend the early-evening hours wide awake, looking for or preparing a safe place to sleep. It generally made no sense, Stampi concluded, to try to snooze during these hours, because you would be fighting the natural human biorhythm.

At the same time, Stampi also noted sleep peaks that occurred midafternoon and in the wee hours of the morning. This made scientific sense: Humans tend to be sleepiest (or feel "sleep pressure," as Stampi likes to say) then. Stampi thinks the midafternoon sleep bump is also a vestige of early human life, since the heat of the African sun made that a better time to sleep than hunt.

His research also showed that afternoon siestas were chock-full of slow-wave sleep, the type that appears to be most important for recharging the body. To Stampi it seemed obvious that sleep-deprived sailors should try to get at least some of their sleep quota then. The key to napping efficiently, Stampi says, is to get in phase and ride these waves of sleepiness and alertness, so no time is wasted merely trying to get to sleep. "My job is to find other hours of the day for each person where sleep is as efficient," he says, "and to try to find a range of sleeping gears, or nap lengths."

That means getting in touch with your inner sandman. All the monitoring Stampi has done over the years has supported the anecdotal notion that there are two types of people: morning people, or "larks," and evening people, or "owls." The distinction is important for anyone trying to adapt to sleep deprivation. Larks, Stampi discovered, are good at taking short naps but are not as efficient late at night, and prefer a more regular routine. Owls, on the other hand, appear to be excellent at coping with highly irregular schedules, but prefer longer naps. Mike Golding is an owl, and during the 1998 Around Alone, only 23 percent of his sleep time was devoted to naps of less than an hour. Ellen MacArthur, in contrast, is more of a lark and tends to spend 60 percent of her sleep time in naps shorter than an hour. Despite the different styles, both Golding and MacArthur sleep about the same amount while racing, between 4.5 and 5.5 hours on average in every 24—the minimum amount, Stampi believes, on which humans can get by.

COULD STAMPI'S STRATEGIES be put to use in other sports? Adventure racers, mountaineers staring down an emergency, and ultra-endurance cyclists experience the same brutal conflict between performance and the need to stay awake. Thirty-six-year-old American adventure racer Rebecca Rusch, whose Team Montrail won the grueling 2003 Raid Gauloises, says three hours of sleep a day for a weeklong race is common. As are hallucinations: She once conjured up a Vietnamese fruit stand in the middle of a New Zealand field and was so convinced of its existence that she asked her teammates if they had any money. Instead of wasting time trying to convince her it wasn't real, they just told her they were broke. "Oh, OK," she said, and kept going.

Anneke Heitmann, research director at Circadian Technologies, in Lexington, Massachusetts, once worked with Stampi on some of his sleep-deprivation experiments. She thinks a Stampian approach could benefit these extreme athletes. "A polyphasic regimen gives your body more chance to repair," she says.

How about the rest of us? Sleep researchers, including Stampi, agree that if you have the option of snoozing a solid seven or eight hours per night, then taking it is the best strategy for being a well-rested, efficient human being. But if you can't pull it off, a Stampian approach might help keep you upright with less than sufficient sleep.

Before I joined him in Newton, Stampi sent me a wrist sleep monitor. For two weeks I tried a variety of extreme sleep patterns. I started with the great Leonardo and tried to sleep just 15 minutes every four hours. After two days I was a walking ghoul, barely able to make a pot of coffee. I decided to go for an Ellen MacArthur solo-sailor pattern, with one to three hours of sleep in the middle of the night and enough 20- to 30-minute naps to get my sleep total up to about five hours in 24. This was a lot better, but, absent the threat of dying at sea, it got harder and harder to limit the overnight sleep to just three hours.

Ultimately I gravitated toward a five- or six-hour chunk of sleep at night, supplemented by a 25-minute nap in the sleepy part of the afternoon. Now I was getting somewhere, and when Stampi eventually downloaded all my sleep data from the wrist monitor, he wasn't surprised. He diagnosed me as a hybrid owl/lark, but with the owlish preference for longer sleep periods.

"What's your schedule?" I asked him.

"Pretty much the same as yours," said Stampi, who slumbers six hours a night, with a 15-minute nap in the afternoon. "I never feel tired."

As for Joe Harris, it took the Transat for him to discover where exhaustion ends and a coma begins. "I'm so much more aware of my sleep patterns now," says Harris, who is working with Stampi to prepare for the 2006 5-Oceans Solo Race (formerly the Around Alone).

Winning races, or even just getting extra hours in a day, is not a bad trade-off for a little less shut-eye, so Dr. Sleep has an interesting bargain for a tired world. But don't call him after lunch. He'll be napping.

 

[pogen]

Hagin, et al. Influence of a conservative sleep management strategy
during a solo Pacific Ocean crossing on anxiety and
perceived fatigue: A case study


http://www.researchgate.net/publica...on_anxiety_and_perceived_fatigue_A_case_study

 

[pogen]

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/3972965.stm

Sailing in the land of nod
By Rob Hodgetts
BBC Sport

The Spanish have had it right all along - we should be taking naps through the day
--Mike Golding

If there was a world "power-snoozing" championship you can bet your last tot of rum that the winner would be a solo sailor.

This breed of sportsmen have perfected the art of the catnap, often while thundering along in screeching winds, in heaving, ice-strewn seas, in the dark.

How they actually manage to get to sleep during such a maelstrom is one mystery.

But more importantly, how do they manage to drive the boat hard, day and night for months on end without keeling over from sleep deprivation - after all, an autopilot can steer but it can't change sails or shin up the mast to make repairs?

"The science is interesting but there is no real mystery to it," British Vendee Globe sailor Mike Golding told BBC Sport.

"The Spanish have had it right all along - we should be taking naps and siestas throughout the day.

"Catnaps are good for you and allow you to reduce your sleep and spend more active time awake and alert."

I never take longer than one hour and I quite frequently sleep in bursts of 17-18 minutes
Mike Golding

Golding, 44, has been working with top sleep scientist Dr Claudio Stampi, who was commissioned by Nasa to study sleep in high stress environments.

He elected to use single-handed sailors as the most appropriate medium.

And by monitoring sailors such as Golding and fellow Briton Ellen MacArthur, he has found that they can function well on a total of 4.5-5 hours sleep in a 24 hour period.

He can then tailor a sleep strategy to fit the individual.

"He's had a profound effect on me," said Golding.

"I've been able to shave at least an hour off my 24 hour sleep requirement for no loss of performance, and if anything even a little improvement.

And, says Golding, one of the most powerful strategies is "cluster napping".

"I never take longer than one hour and I quite frequently sleep in bursts of 17-18 minutes," he said.

"You wake only to make a small adjustment to the boat, to take it back to 100% performance, and then go straight back to sleep, huddled up fully clothed in a corner.

"It's a very useful way of building up necessary sleep without losing speed.

"It sounds dreadful but it's perfectly sustainable and we are able to get it down so low by taking these naps in short spells.

"I've had to train myself but anyone can do it."

Lone racers cannot risk oversleeping and missing wind shifts or a more dangerous situation such as the onset of a sudden violent squall requiring a reduction in sail.

MacArthur will frequently sleep clutching the autopilot remote and the ends of the sheets which control the main and headsail.

Golding, meanwhile, employs an electronic egg timer hooked into a car alarm to wake him up.

"It's extremely loud, we've had to tone it down a bit. I think health and safety would have had a freak," he said.

"But after a while I get into the rhythm of it and I get so good at it that I can set the timer and wake up before the dreaded alarm goes off."

 

[BobJ]

http://sfbaysss.net/forum/showthread.php?1447-Sleep-strategy

 

[Lightspeed]

Good topic, my two cents is practice at home. Pick a night to stay up. Try different sleep times and length patterns. DRINK LOTS OF WATER before you lay down and I grantee you will wake up! Mother Nature is better than a timer. Without rest you are worthless. I will admit even when tired it is hard to fall asleep. We each must practice to find a way to force our personal way to crash even if for only 5 min. It is amazing if you and only crash for 5 min how it reboots your mind....Rcik

 

[Foolish]

After I did my study on the SHTP a few years ago, I started to re-think the issue of sleep management. While sleep is obviously an important part, I came to the realization that this topic should be called "energy management".

As anyone who has done a distance SH race knows, we spend a lot of the time as walking zombies, who are half awake and have no energy. Of course this means that we are not up to snuff safety wise, but more important for my study is that we are far behind at maintaining top speed. The crewed boats in the Vic-Maui race reported that they were operating at 100% energy, 100% of the time. But the SHTP racers were operating well below that level, 100% of the time.

What I am suggesting is that we take a look at all of the other things that can give us energy. For example ginseng root (available at natural drug stores) has been used to give energy to chemotherepy patients. Iron is helpful for energy. And then take a look at what we are eating! How many of use are eating freeze dried camping meals. Or how many of us are eating large carbo meals, like rice or pasta. Are these things really the best for high energy?

But it is not just a matter of avoiding energy sapping foods, but rather of planning for their use. For example, you might plan your race to Hawaii with a 2 hour sleep in the middle of the afternoon (when many people's circadian rythms are calling for sleep.) So for lunch you could plan to eat your rice/pasta dish knowing that the carbs will actually help you to sleep for that period. What you would't want to do is have a cup of coffee right after lunch, like you would probably do at work. Likewise most sleep experts say that the period between 6pm and 10pm is a bad sleeping time (it goes back to the cave man days when the sabre tooth tigers were out hunting). So having a big carb supper would be counter-productive. And that would be a good time to have your coffee or tea - if you like it.

I really believe this topic needs a lot more study. What we should do is speak with a nutritionist and explain that SH sailors need to have high energy at some hours of the day, but then need to sleep deeply for other periods. And we need to do this for durations of 2 weeks (to Hawaii) to 4 months (RTW). What we don't want is being half awake when we're awake, or half asleep when we're asleep. I think that this type of menue might be a challenge for a nutritionist to come up with.

I think that this concept is what it will take to get us to the next level of racing. My ideas are just preliminary at this stage. Your comments and ideas are welcome.

 

[Foolish]

Not being one to let sleeping dogs (or sailors) lie, I've already contacted a nutritionist and we're working on this issue. I'll keep you informed of what we come up with.

 

[BobJ]

Despite the lack of response here, I think you're right on with this Andy. Please keep us posted.

My personal experience is that the two biggest detractors from my performance in solo ocean races are lethargy and autopilot problems. With the former, I did a bit better in my last SHTP by regularly standing in the cockpit and running in place, but I hadn't made the connection to what I was eating and when.

 

[sleddog]

My personal experience is that the two biggest detractors from my performance in solo ocean races are lethargy and autopilot problems. .

After 7 passages to Hawaii with WILDFLOWER, my old school take is a little different. With a balanced boat, easily shifted sailplan, confidence in AP/Windvane, and plenty of practice, sleep was not a major issue in the SHTP.

I always got more rest in the SHTP than was ever possible in DH PacCups, where we would hand steer the whole way. Being rested is the key to good decision making.

In the 1978 SHTP, WILDFLOWER's self steering was a Sail-O-Mat windvane and two TillerMaster AP's. I arrived in Hanalei with half a windvane, and one Tillermaster.

In the 2008 SHTP WILDFLOWER had a newer Sail-O-Mat windvane, an Auto-Helm 1000 and 2000 tiller pilots, and the old TillerMaster.

In the SHTP, on my 27', 6,500 pound displacement hull, I would predominantly handsteer in light air, when full time attention was needed to sail trim and windshifts. Handsteering in a tradewind breeze, sitting in a beanbag, with a cockpit awning for sun relief, when surfing waves, was great fun. The small cockpit awning was a blessing, and could be adjusted fore and aft, and angled for best effect.

Handsteering in squalls is often the safest thing to do if you don't want to reduce, then reset sail for the 15 minutes the squall is passing.

Before AIS, I would run my radar at night when napping. The radar would pick up the rain in squalls on the darkest nights. But the Furuno internal alarm was barely audible at sea. I made an external alarm on a long cord I wore around my neck when napping. Along with my egg timer.

In 2008 I unplugged the radar and used a standalone NASA AIS that had a louder alarm, but still not loud enough. Again I rigged an external alarm to hang around my neck.

LIGHTSPEED is correct: the need to pee awakens on a fairly reliable schedule. Rather than stressing over sleep schedules, the boat will tell you when it needs you on deck. And your body will tell you when it needs rest.

Getting rest in the SHTP just happens. Everybody has a different boat, different physical rhythms. Being in tune with the boat, and being prepared and having things rigged to be safe, and to lose minimum speed when needing to be "off watch" is the ticket.

 

[BobJ]

Sled, it isn't lethargy due to a lack of sleep. Like you, I slept pretty well during the SHTP's - in my case too much.

It's a lethargy due to a lack of activity, which finds me thinking things like "I know I should change that sail but I'll do it later." I tried to fight it with on-board exercise, drinking more water, etc. but I think nutrition is a big factor - both what I'm eating and when I'm eating it.

 

[sleddog]

Sled, i
It's a lethargy due to a lack of activity.

On one Pacific Cup, the owner, and his doctor, insisted we load aboard an Exercycle, a rowing machine, and trampoline. I managed to get it all to fit in his stateroom.

 

[BobJ]

Or as the sign in the Hanalei coffee place suggests: "espresso and a puppy."

 

[Submarino]

"Lethargic due to lack of activity"... you guys crack me up! So that's what it's like on a larger boat!

 

[Foolish]

I'm just about finished with my paper on meals/nutrition to fight lethargy. It's being reviewed by a nutritionist now. I'll send it in soon. I found some interesting things about carbs, proteins, fats. If that doesn't peak your interest, nothing will

 

[JohnS]

I'm just about finished with my paper on meals/nutrition to fight lethargy. It's being reviewed by a nutritionist now. I'll send it in soon. I found some interesting things about carbs, proteins, fats. If that doesn't peak your interest, nothing will

If you can find a way to make ice cream a required element of the nutrition strategy and make it self-cooling for those of us with no hope of on board refrigeration, that would pique my interest...

 

[pogen]

I put some links to relevant papers and other reports on a post at the SHTP forum:

http://sfbaysss.org/shtp2016/bedtime-reading/